Hybridization and Molecular Geometry

🔷 Hybridization & Molecular Geometry

🔑 Shortcut: Count regions of electron density around the central atom:
2 → sp | 3 → sp² | 4 → sp³ | 5 → sp³d | 6 → sp³d²

🧠 Count bonds + lone pairs = regions of density. That gives hybridization AND geometry!

📋 Hybridization & Shape Pairings

• sp → linear → 180°
• sp² → trigonal planar → 120°
• sp³ → tetrahedral → 109.5°
• sp³d → trigonal bipyramidal → 90°, 120°
• sp³d² → octahedral → 90°

🧠 Quick Question

What is the hybridization of the central atom in CO₂?

⚡ Lone Pairs Matter

Include lone pairs in the count! 3 bonds + 1 lone pair = 4 regions = sp³ → Geometry may be bent or trigonal pyramidal.

📊 Real Example

What is the geometry of NH₃ based on its hybridization?

✏️ Hybridization = Regions of Density. Don’t forget lone pairs — they change the shape!